Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a commonly employed appellation to refer to the field of science aimed at providing machines with the capacity of performing functions such as logic, reasoning, planning, learning, and perception. Despite the reference to “machines” in this definition, the latter could be applied to “any type of living intelligence”. Likewise, the meaning of intelligence, as it is found in primates and other exceptional animals for example, it can be extended to include an interleaved set of capacities, including creativity, emotional knowledge, and self-awareness.The term AI was closely associated with the field of “symbolic AI”, which was popular until the end of the 1980s. In order to overcome some of the limitations of symbolic AI, subsymbolic methodologies such as neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computation and other computational models started gaining popularity, leading to the term “computational intelligence” emerging as a subfield of AI.